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Segretariato

Guidelines

Guidelines on Long-distance fostering care

 

in collaboration with

 

Long-distance support or adoption? Clarification of the terms
Long-distance fostering: what is it?
How does it work?

• For those who foster
• For those who are fostered
• Mail
• Gifts
• Travels

How much does it cost?
Transparency, duty of the organization
The history: from the  missionaries of P.I.M.E. to the boom of 90’s
Long-distance adoption in Italy: short panorama of the associations
AVSI Foundation: its presence in the world. Work methodology in long-distance fostering

• Who wants to do it (the supporter)
• Who receives it (child/adolescent)
• How much it costs
• If the support terminates
• Not to forget...

The LDF Forum
ELSAD Local Agencies for LDF
CO.RE.SAD (Committee for the Regulation of LDF)
The program “Amore”
Useful links
Bibliography

1. Long-distance support or adoption? Clarification of the terms

Generally speaking, there are a lot of terms used to indicate this form of solidarity, such as: long-distance adoption, child fostering, long-distance school adoption,  long-distance support, protection, step-fatherhood, step-motherhood, scholarship, sponsorship, etc… . Every organization is free to use any term: nevertheless, the most known term is now “long-distance fostering care”. This is because the term “adoption” can sound a bit ambiguous: there is the risk that the “parent”, adopting, acquires the rights on the child, or that the “supporter” could be objects of legal obligations. This is not true: “long-distance fostering care”, or better long distance support means to undertake a moral commitment, the child to take care of, through a constant financial aid, enabling the child to eat, study, grow up, learn a job. All of this is possible without taking him/her away from his/her family, in his/her country, in his/her culture.

2. Long-distance fostering care: what is it?

“Long distance adoption is an action of solidarity that guarantees to the minors, adults, families and communities of the poor countries a stable economical help, so that they may receive the primary goods, education and the medical care they need in the social and cultural environment they line in” (Charter of Principles for Long-distance Fostering Care).

The main figures are:

• who supports (parent/s)
• who is supported (child, adolescent, adults and families)
• who mediates (the organizations that deal with long-distance fostering care)
• the material component: through the money – the “stable economical help” – the child is provided with food, medical care, educational material. All they need: also education, a job or the professional training. This occurs through missioners, operators or volunteers of the several organizations that work in the child’s country, with the possibility of following them and knowing their real needs.

The aim of the long-distance support is then to provide these children with the opportunity to become adults, independent, capable of helping themselves and, in the future, also their country. A fundamental factor is that the economical help, along with the awareness that someone, in another country, is doing something to improve children’s life conditions increasing their self-confidence, self-esteem and a sense of belonging.

3. How does it work?

It is fundamental to know that not all the organizations that operate in long-distance fostering care do it in the same way. Some enable the supporter to choose the country, the geographical area, the single project, or to choose between personalized support and community support; some others do not; some are in favour of mailing between the parties, some others are against. Within a complex and varies panorama, it is possible to give a general summary. A long-distance fostering care project can start form the request of help of those who operate on spot directly. It can also occur that big organizations open an office in a certain area setting up projects that include long-distance support. The associations can have their referents in the place that take care of the coordination of the interventions with those who receive the support.

For those who foster: The perspective supporter, before undertaking a long-distance fostering care, must get precise information about this experience, the transparency and reliability of the organization they want to choose as intermediary, and above all they must think carefully about their motivation. If the supporter drops the support (and the relative supported person) after few months, because they have forgotten to pay the fee, or because they are less enthusiastic, this can be extremely dangerous, above all for the person that expects the aid. It is fundamental to bear in mind that every long-distance adoption project has its own characteristics, according to the country, to the needs, to the specific objectives of the project and the ideas that lead the organization involved. An aware support then implies that the supporter is deeply informed and documented about the project, through the Italian directors of the organizations.

For those who are fostered: It can also occur that who is helped is not aware of it: they are provided with what they need without knowing that there is somebody else’s aid from the other side of the world. For some organization this is the right way to operate, for a better protection of the people, or in order to avoid that the supporter has a “privileged” connection with the supported, and that the latter is in debt with them. Other organizations though believe that it is a good way to establish a contact between the supporter and the supported: this usually occurs by mail. The supported receives the aid as food, medicine, school material, university scholarship, tools, according to the person’s age and the project.

Mail: It is natural that the supporter wants to have news directly from “their” supported, and vice-versa. Some organizations allow an exchange of letters between the supporter and the supported (directly or through a coordinator), whereas some others don’t, to protect the person.

Gifts:  The situation varies according to the organization: some are in favour of giving gifts, some others aren’t, in order to avoid inequalities. Some organizations collect the money received and give presents to all the children; in this way it will not be a “personal” gift, avoiding the risk to create a feeling of envy. The supporter though must bear in their mind that gap between them and the supported, so the gift given must respect the social and cultural world where the recipient lives. It is always a good idea the give gifts agreed with the organization and the local coordinator.

Travels: An encounter between the supporter and the person supported can be a good opportunity, both as human growth and direct knowledge of the social situation of that country,  to evaluate the project. Sometimes the organization itself arranges the trip; it is not recommended to send the person supported to Italy, especially children: the return home is for them even harder and could be also traumatic.

4. How much does it cost?

The total cost of a long-distance fostering care varies according to the project and the organization. Generally, it ranges from 5.16 to 77.57 Euros per month. Of the fee, a share (80%-100%) is directly sent to the coordinator, whereas the remaining percentage (not more than 20%) is used by the organization as internal budget. Sometimes, the statutes of the organizations establish that the supporter becomes also a partner automatically; in other cases, it is necessary to send an extra payment. The payment can be monthly, three-month, six-month or annual, through direct delivery of the money to the coordinator – and a receipt – or through postal or bank transfer. It is also possible to subtract the money transfer from the revenue. The law n. 35 of 14/03/2005, converted into law n. 80/2005, also called “the more you give the less you get taxed”, has enlarged the fiscal subtractions of the donations in favour of Non-profit Organizations, with new modes and limits. It is necessary to keep the bank statements or the credit card bills or the transfer slips if the money has been sent through bank transfer, or the receipts of the postal slips. Some organizations, once collected the money and subtracted the percentage for the internal budget, send it to the local coordinator periodically, that will be responsible to manage that money. Other organizations deliver the money to the supported people directly. This is quite rare, since it would be difficult to control how the money is used. Periodically, the coordinator sends a record of the expenses so that the organization can check upon the activity.

5. Transparency, duty of the organization

Scandals and money wastes have involved the world of International Cooperation and Voluntary Service. For this, among the main duties of the organizations that deal with long-distance fostering care, transparency is one these: those who donate their money must be assured that the economical aid reaches the person in distress. The choice of the organization then – there are hundreds in Italy – is the first and hard step. The ideal situation is to know the people involved in the project abroad, or the directors of the organizations. This, though, is not always possible. The words of mouth are very useful: a friend, an acquaintance, or a colleague that has already experienced it can give good advice. The supporter, though, relies upon real, transparent and verifiable  information from the organization. This implies great responsibility from the organizers. It is important  that the organization publishes some material where everything is accurately explained (long-distance adoption modes, the percentage subtracted for the internal budget). Another guarantee is when the organization belongs to a committee or a federation. In order to get more information, the supporter can verify that the organization is accredited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whether it is a non-profit or registered on a regional list of voluntary service. Also the opportunity to receive information from the person supported or the local coordinator is a guarantee for the organization itself.

6. The history: from the  missionaries of P.I.M.E. to the boom of 90’s

1958: in the United States, a group of missionaries of P.I.M.E. (Foreign Mission Pontifical Institute http://www.pime.org) started Foster Parents Mission Club, to support orphan children inthe mission of Kengtung, in Birmania. Ten years later, the Italian co-brothers created a similar campaign starting from the newspaper “Corriere della Sera”; between 1972 and 1973, some religious organizations (among which P.I.M.E.) and groups of citizens gave a major impulse to long-distance fostering care, informally but constantly, to help the children living in the area of the mission. According to someone, the initiative of P.I.M.E would start a new form of solidarity; some American soldiers, back from Vietnam War, would keep sending economical aids to children and families involved in the war.  In the first years of this form of solidarity, the coordinators were generally missioners or private citizens involved in project in the Third World. The aid was not only addressed to the orphans: also seminarists could benefit from it. In 1980s and above all in 1990s, long-distance fostering care was even more spread, especially in the secular world.
The action of helping a child or an adult without moving them from the context they live in, through projects that respect the entire community they live in, has been successful and has touched the sensitivity of a lot of Italians. In fact, according to the survey by the Forum of Long-distance Fostering Organizations, there are about 2 million children all around the world supported by the Italians.
Besides the numerous supporters that remain anonymous, there are a lot of celebrities: from the most famous foster-mother – Maria Grazia Cucinotta, that also starred in a commercial spot in aid to Ai.Bi. in the past – to Lorenzo Jovanotti, Michele Placido, Sergio Castellitto, the footballers Paolo Maldini and Sebastiano Rossi. Even the National Singers Football Team has been sensitized: on June 5th 1998, Gianni Morandi, Eros Ramazzotti, Enrico Ruggeri, Francesco Baccini, Biagio Antonacci, Luca Barbarossa, Andrea Mingardi, Mogol and other singer-footballers played in the “Match of the Heart” in Cagliari.

7. Long-distance fostering care in Italy: short panorama of the associations

According to the first survey in 2000, sponsored by the Mission Centre Belluno-Feltre on behalf of ForumSAD (Long-distance Fostering Care Forum), and edited by Serena Gaiani and Marco De Cassan, there are at least 400 Italian organizations involved in the long-distance fostering sector. These are secularism-orientated organizations (53%) or religion-orientated (47%), formally constituted, in vast majority (57.4%); 17.6% are religious institutes, 14.7% ethical-judicial agencies and the remaining 10.3% are factual organizations. The areas of the world where the organizations set up their projects are Africa and Latin America (63%), followed by Asia (40%), Eastern Europe (30%) and Middle East (13%). The Italian panorama then is characterized by hundreds of agencies and organizations that sponsor long-distance fostering care, with different modes and approaches to the theme; these are small and big organizations, different from the few organizations in the other European countries. For instance, Plan International, born in England in 1937 to aid the children involved in the Spanish Civil War, today aids over 1,500 million children and their families in 49 developing countries. Or Action Aid, also British, founded in 1972, helps over 13 million people in 42 areas of the world. Concerning Italy, the localization of the long-distance fostering care organizations is divided in four areas, North-West, North-East, Centre, South and the Isles. The highest concentration is in the North-West area, with 35%, a bit more than in the Centre (34%). A further analysis revealed that Lombardy for the North-West area and Lazio for the Centre are the regions where the long-distance fostering organizations and agencies operate the most.

8. AVSI Foundation: its presence in the world. Work methodology in long-distance fostering care

AVSI (http://www.avsi.org/) is a non-profit organization. Born in 1972, operates in international projects in aid to development. Present in 39 countries (Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Eastern Europe and  Asia) with 111 pluriannual projects, AVSI is accredited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and by Ecosoc (United Nations Economic and Social Council) with general consultative status. Started at the end of 1993, the AVSI project for long-distance adoption counts about 35 thousand aids for children and adolescents in Albania, Angola, Argentina, Birmania, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Philippines, Jordan, Haiti, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Democratic Republic of Congo, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Sierra Leon, Sudan, Thailand, Uganda, Venezuela. An informal network of 27 non-profit organizations and agencies, 17 of which are located in the South of the world and in transitional countries, joins AVSI. In the present projects, for about 2 years, 119 Italian collaborators are involved abroad, they are all professionals (doctors, engineers, educators, agronomists), along with over 1000 local qualified organizers. In order to realize its interventions, AVSI employs over 20 million Euros per year; its major financers are European Union, United Nations Agencies, the Italian Government, local authorities, private businesses and single citizens.

Who wants to do it (the supporter)
Through a form accurately filled in and sent to the organization, in order to join the project formally, the supporter can decide where they want to address their long-distance fostering care: Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Eastern Europe or Asia. The supporter declares their commitment to aid a young boy/girl (instead of a child) in a secondary high school, professional school or university, they indicate their general information and the selected method of payment. In return, they will receive a short curriculum of the person supported: personal information, family history and a picture. Attached to the curriculum, there will be also a report about the environment where the child lives and how the economic contribution will be employed. Twice a year, the supporter will receive news about the child: generally the child him/herself writes a letter or draws something. Also the local coordinators of the project provide news: they inform the supporter about the child’s health conditions, about any school improvements, about the family and any further needs. The supporter’s commitment lasts a year and it is automatically renewed every year.

Who receives it (child/adolescent)
It can occur, for reasons evaluated by the local coordinators, that the child does not know about the aids. Generally they know it: the child is explained that somebody from somewhere is helping him/her, and this increases the child’s self-confidence. For the child (adolescent or student) the financial aid is extremely important: school fees, books, a medicine, food, leisure activities (even more precious for those who cannot live their childhood). The local coordinator, knowing the childe very well, decides how the money should be spent at its best, but without replacing the people that take care of the child: the aim is to build a path of involvement and responsibility of the family.

How much it costs
The annual fee for a long-distance fostering care is 312 Euros; this money can be paid in a whole amount, or in three- or six-month shares, by bank transfer or notice of payment, payable at post offices or banks, or by credit card from the website www.avsi.org. In Italy AVSI subtracts 10% of the amount for  the internal budget.

If the support terminates
It can also occur, for reasons from both parties (supporter or child): because there is an evident improvement in the child’s life conditions (for example the unemployed father finds a job, or the orphan child is adopted), so the local coordinator decides that the financial aid is no longer necessary; the child’s family decides to move somewhere else in the country, where the local coordinator cannot follow the project. In case the end of the aid does not depend on the supporter, the latter is informed and proposed to follow another project. It is difficult to accept the end of the long-distance fostering care to that child; it is fundamental though that those who support a child are aware of the fact that this could be only for a year or two, and this could be crucial for the child. If, instead, the supporter decides to terminate the aid, the child will not be abandoned: AVSI assists them until they find a “new” family.

Not to forget...
Mail: it must be forwarded to the local coordinator always, in order to avoid problems and misunderstanding; the supporter is not told the child’s address and vice versa: this is to protect both parties. It is fundamental not to send money along with the mail.
Gift: it is important to agree it with the organization; the gifts should not be expensive. The alternative to this could be to send extra money for a specific purpose: the local coordinator will know how to use the money at best.
Visits: a lot of foster parents wish to go and meet the child they are supporting. It is a good idea to refer to the local coordinator about time an modes of the visit. Taking the child to Italy is not recommended: it could be a traumatic experience for them, along with all the problems related to documents and visas and also the costs.

9. The LDF Forum

This is a place of information, aggregation, confrontation and further analysis: the National Forum for Long-distance Fostering Care. The association “Permanent Forum for Long-distance Fostering Care” – LDF Forum . was born as Non-profit organization on September 21st 2004. Until July 5th 2007, there are 47 associations formally joined, for a total of about 1 million supporters and 2,500 million beneficiaries of LDF projects in over 110 countries all around the world. The LDF Forum inherits the principles of the Forum that from 1999 to 2003 were organized by a Promoter Committee made of Gabbianella and other associations. The Forum was the annual initiative, the meeting place for the common issues of the LDF Associations. Thanks to them,  a self-regulation process has started, as the most valid form of guarantee towards the supporters and the beneficiaries.
Among the activities undertaken by the Forum, there are:

• the National Sector Survey (in 2000), in collaboration with Cattolica University of Milan
• the Charter of Long-distance Fostering Care Principles, an ethic code signed by 130 organizations so far (www.forumsad.it/cartaprin.htm)
• the Charter of LDF Quality Criteria, a code of behaviour as guarantee of the quality of LDF (www.forumsad.it/cartacrit.htm)
• the National LDF Day (on January 6th)

The LDF Forum has promoted the National Register of LDF Organizations and has organized:

• VI Forum in Milan in 2005;
• VII Forum in Naples in 2006;
• The National Conference on Long-distance Fostering Care, Information and Solidarity in Genoa in 2006;
• The National Conference on Long-distance Fostering, Information and Solidarity;
• VIII Forum in Turin in 2007;
• The first seminar named “Communicate the long-distance fostering care”, in Turin in 2007;
• The second seminar named “Communicate the long-distance fostering care”, in Rome in 2007.

The objective of the Forum are:

• to promote long-distance fostering care as a solidarity and cultural form of development among people;
• to promote meetings and collaboration among all the organizations of the sector, along with new ideas, proposals, experiences, in order to improve a solidarity consciousness;
• to search for the tools that favour information, transparency, visibility and quality of the LDFinterventions;
• to realize a factual relationship and confrontation with the institutions and the international, national and local social organizations, in order to enhance and diffuse a real peace culture.

National Long-Distance Fostering Care Forum
www.forumsad.it

10. ELSAD Local Agencies for LDF

The tragedy that stroke the South-East of Asia has highlighted the importance of long-distance fostering care as a form of commitment, with already over 1,500 million Italians involved in these projects, donating a monthly contribution to children, families, communities in situation of poverty and distress, especially in the countries of the South of the world (about 450 million Euros). The organizations that promote long-distance fostering care projects are hundreds, secular and religious, national and international and the number of schools and social organizations involved are growing. Within this vast social reality, there are several Local Agencies that promote the long-distance fostering care through social and cultural initiatives. The Local Agencies, for their close relationship with the area and for the tasks assigned within the cooperation, play a fundamental role for the protection and development of long-distance fostering care among the citizens and the organizations of the area. For this purpose, also after the IV Forum UNPD – City Alliance against Poverty – in Rome from March 31st to April 2nd 2004, the President of the Provincial Council of Rome, Adriano Labbucci, proposed the constitution of Local Agencies Coordination for Long-distance Fostering Care (ELSAD), to achieve a better development in this form of solidarity among citizens, associations and institutions. In the coming weeks, the Member Agencies will discuss the constitution of the Coordination and its functions and tasks. The Agencies interested in joining the initiative can contact the Secretary Office of the Presidency of the Provincial Council of Rome  (tel. 06/67662203- 2604 - fax 2688).
The local agencies that have already joined the initiative are:
- Province of ROME
- Province of ASCOLI PICENO
- Province of BARI
- Province of BIELLA
- Province of BOLOGNA
- Province of FOGGIA
- Province of FROSINONE
- Province of LATINA
- Province of MACERATA
- Province of MILAN
- Province of MODENA
- Province of PARMA
- Province of PISA
- Province of POTENZA
- Province of ROVIGO
- Province of SAVONA
- Province of SASSARI
- Province of TARANTO
- Province of TURIN
- Province of VERONA
- City of BENEVENTO
- City of BOLOGNA
- City of BRESCIA
- City of CAMPOBASSO
- City of CREMONA
- City of LECCE
- City of MODENA
- City of NAPLES
- City of PIACENZA
- City of PRATO
- City of REGGIO CALABRIA
- City of ROMA
- City of SALERNO
- City of TURIN
- City of VIGARANO MAINARDA (FE)

11. CO.RE.SAD (Committee for the Regulation of LDF)

CORESAD (Committee for LDF Regulation), constituted by organisms with long experience on the matter of long-distance fostering, is aimed at the elaboration of a norm system that regulates, orientates and guarantee the phenomenon, through legislative norms on a national, regional and local level. A strategic document of clear rules, certain and equal for all, that inspires and expresses ethical-political principles in order to give also a cultural model of the long-distance fostering, as guarantee both for the donor and the beneficiaries. The necessity to promote the LDF regulation is explained through the fastest-growing interest in the matter from the public opinion and how their donations are used: to guarantee the correct management of the funds, in addition to training and education opportunities about the themes of LDF and fight to poverty, CORESAD also promotes the creation of a national list of Non-profit organizations and an Authority.
THE PRINCIPLES
These principles are the basis of the regulation proposed by CORESAD:

• The constitution of an independent Authority, with control tasks, that overcomes the self-referencial of the self-regulation and defines all the characteristics and the nature of LDF in terms of actions sponsored, beneficiaries reached, mode of collection and expenses, tools of project management;
• The constitution, from the Authority, of a List of organizations that fund-raise through LDF. The registration to the List is done through requisites and obligation according to the dimension of the associations themselves and the different areas of intervention. For the big organizations, in particular, there will be obligations aimed at ensure real transparency of the process of decision and expense, like the balance, the application of standard procedures (ISO 9001, Charter of donations, etc.), social balance sheet, certification of the amounts donated, etc;
• The attribution to the Authority of surveillance, control and certification functions – also through the institution of a national register of subjects and projects – and sanctions.
  

PROMOTERS
The legal entities and agencies, public and private, can be promoters, that realize LDF projects in aid to individuals and groups of people, commit themselves to follow the statuary objectives approved by the Council under written request. The legal entities and agencies, public and private, whose total incomes have been more then 1,000 million Euros in the last two years, can be promoters if they meet the following characteristics of transparency and reliability:

• being non-profit organizations;
• having a 5-year international Cooperation experience and LDF;
• having a public and certified balance by an external agency registered in the Auditor Association List;
• guaranteeing that 80% of the fund-raising of LDF is destined to the project;
• having a structure in Italy able to manage the LDF initiatives under the communicative, organizational and administrative aspect and monitoring and evaluation of the project;
• drafting the social balance sheet;
• having in progress or started internal procedures aimed at publish the methodologies followed by LDF (UNI EN ISO 9001, Charter of donations or internal defined and verifiable processes);
• identifying a person responsible for the LDF projects in the single overseas areas.

12. The program “Amore”

“Amore” (Love) is the TV program presented by Raffaella Carrà dedicated to long-distance fostering care in favour of poor children and adolescents of the world, realized in collaboration with AVSI and other 14 associations. Broadcast from March 25th to March 13th 2006, collected 135,569 long-distance fostering care promises. In collaboration with 15 non-profit organizations, it has been showed how to contribute concretely to help children in distress. Directors and actors have reached the places where the children live, realizing films as confirmation of the work done and to be done.
The role of the audience form home is fundamental: they do not only watch a show, but they also have the chance to support the upbringing and the education of a child by donating 25 Euros per month. The support is one-to-one, child and donor. The latter receives updates about the support once a year. The amount decided is mainly addressed to food and education.
The associations have been selected by RAI Social Action Department and have filtered the relationships between children and foster parents. Every association has established a number of perspective adoptions. Here the results obtained until October 31st 2006 by the project “Amore”:

13. Useful links

All the links will be opened in new windows of the browser
Ai.Bi. - Amici dei bambini (Children’s friends)
http://www.aibi.it/

Amici dei Popoli (People’s friends)
http://www.amicideipopoli.org/testi/sad.html

Associazione italiana dei Magistrati per i minorenni e per la famiglia
(Italian Association of Minors and Families Magistrates)
http://www.minori.it/aimmf/

AVSI - Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internazionale
(Volunteers Association for the International Service)
http://www.avsi.org/

Azione Aiuto (Action Help)
http://www.azioneaiuto.it/

Baby nel cuore
http://www.babynelcuore.org

Cefa - Comitato europeo per la formazione e l'agricoltura
(European Committee for education and agricolture)
http://www.volint.it/cefa/pubblica/index.htm

Centro Cooperazione Sviluppo Onlus (Develpoment Cooperation Centre)
http://www.ccsit.org

Centro nazionale di documentazione e analisi per l'infanzia e l'adolescenza
(National documentation and analysis for Childhood and Adolescence Centre)
http://www.minori.it/

CIAI - Centro Italiano Aiuti all'Infanzia (Italian Children Aid Centre)
http://www.ciai.it/

CISD - Comitato Italiano Sostegno a Distanza
(Italian Long-distance Fostering Care Committee)
http://www.cisd.it/

Focsiv - Federazione organismi cristiani servizio internazionale volontario
http://www.focsiv.it/

La Gabbianella
http://www.lagabbianella.it

Pime Milano - Ufficio Aiuto Missioni
http://www.pimemilano.com/aiutomissioni/adozioni.lasso

TDH - Terre Des Hommes
http://www.tdhitaly.org/ita/home.html

UN - United Nations, Nazioni Unite
http://www.un.org/

Unhcr
http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home

Unicef
http://www.unicef.org/

Unicef Italia
http://www.unicef.it/

Unimondo
http://www.unimondo.org/

Vis - Volontariato internazionale per lo sviluppo
http://www.volint.it

Vita
http://web.vita.it/

14. Bibliography

• Gaiani Serena, I mille volti dell'adozione a distanza, Ist. bellunese di ricerche sociali e culturali, Belluno 1999
• Gaiani Serena e De Cassan Marco, Adozione a distanza, un appello alla solidarietà, Pimedit, Milano 2000
• Gaiani Serena, Il trenino della solidarietà, viaggio alla scoperta dell'adozione a distanza, Gribaudi, Milano 2002
• Caffulli Giuseppe, Un figlio all'altro capo del mondo - l'adozione a distanza in Italia, Monti Editore